NKF
KDOQI GUIDELINES
|
REFERENCES
1. Drueke TB, Locatelli F, Clyne N, et al: Normalization
of hemoglobin level in patients with chronic kidney disease
and anemia. N Engl J Med 355:2071-2084, 2006
2. Singh AK, Szczech L, Tang KL, et al: Correction of
anemia with epoetin alfa in chronic kidney disease. N Engl
J Med 355:2085-2098, 2006
3. Rossert J, Levin A, Roger SD, et al: Effect of early
correction of anemia on the progression of CKD. Am J
Kidney Dis 47:738-750, 2006
4.Macdougall IC, Temple RM, Kwan JT: Is early treatment
of anaemia with epoetin-{alpha} beneficial to predialysis
chronic kidney disease patients? Results of a multicentre,
open-label, prospective, randomized, comparative
group trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22:784-793, 2007
5. Ritz E, Laville M, Bilous RW, et al: Target level for
hemoglobin correction in patients with diabetes and CKD:
Primary results of the Anemia Correction in Diabetes
(ACORD) Study.Am J Kidney Dis 49:194-207, 2007
6. Gouva C, Nikolopoulos P, Ioannidis JP, Siamopoulos
KC: Treating anemia early in renal failure patients slows the
decline of renal function: A randomized controlled trial.
Kidney Int 66:753-760, 2004
7. Epogen (Epoetin alfa) for injection: Prescribing information.
Silver Spring, MD, US Food and Drug Administration
(USFDA), March 2007
8. Procrit (Epoetin alfa) for injection: Prescribing information.
Silver Spring, MD, US Food and Drug Administration
(USFDA), March 2007
9. Aranesp (darbepoetin alfa) for injection: Prescribing
information. Silver Spring, MD, US Food and Drug Administration
(USFDA), March 2007
10. World Health Organization: WHOQOL: Measuring
Quality of Life. The World Health Organization Quality of
Life Instruments. Geneva, Switzerland, WHO/MSA/MNH/
PSF/97.4, 1997
11. Hahn EA, Cella D, Chassany O, et al: A comparison
of the precision of health-related quality of life data relative
to other clinical measures. Mayo Clin Proc (in press)
12. Furuland H, Linde T, Ahlmen J, et al: A randomized
controlled trial of haemoglobin normalization with epoetin
alfa in pre-dialysis and dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant
18:353-361, 2003
13. Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Morgan J, et al: Effect of
hemoglobin levels in hemodialysis patients with asymptomatic
cardiomyopathy. Kidney Int 58:1325-1335, 2000
14. Besarab A, Bolton WK, Browne JK, et al: The effects
of normal as compared with low hematocrit values in patients
with cardiac disease who are receiving hemodialysis
and epoetin. N Engl J Med 339:584-590, 1998
15. Parfrey PS, Foley RN, Wittreich BH, et al: Doubleblind
comparison of full and partial anemia correction in
incident hemodialysis patients without symptomatic heart
disease. JAm Soc Nephrol 16:2180-2189, 2005
16. Pisoni RL, Bragg-Gresham JL, Young EW, et al:
Anemia management and outcomes from 12 countries in the
Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS).
Am J Kidney Dis 44:94-111, 2004
17.Ofsthun N, Labrecque J, Lacson E, Keen M, Lazarus
JM: The effects of higher hemoglobin levels on mortality and hospitalization in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int
63:1908-1914, 2003
18. Levin A, Djurdjev O, Duncan J, Rosenbaum D,Werb
R: Haemoglobin at time of referral, prior to dialysis predicts
survival: An association of haemoglobin with long-term
outcomes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21:370-377, 2006
19. Regidor DL, Kopple JD, Kovesdy CP, et al: Associations
between changes in hemoglobin and administered
erythropoiesis-stimulating agent and survival in hemodialysis
patients. JAm Soc Nephrol 17:1181-1191, 2006
20. Roberts TL, Foley RN, Weinhandl ED, Gilbertson
DT, Collins AJ: Anaemia and mortality in haemodialysis
patients: Interaction of propensity score for predicted anaemia
and actual haemoglobin levels. Nephrol Dial Transplant
21:1652-1662, 2006
21. Lacson E, Ofsthun N, Lazarus JM: Effect of variability
in anemia management on hemoglobin outcomes in
ESRD.Am J Kidney Dis 41:111-124, 2003
22. Ofsthun NJ, Lazarus JM: Impact of the change in
CMS billing rules for erythropoietin on hemoglobin outcomes
in dialysis patients. Blood Purif 25:31-35, 2007
23. Fishbane S, Berns JS: Hemoglobin cycling in hemodialysis
patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin.
Kidney Int 68:1337-1343, 2005
24. Berns JS, Elzein H, Lynn RI, et al: Hemoglobin
variability in epoetin-treated hemodialysis patients. Kidney
Int 64:1514-1521, 2003
25. Greenwood RN, Ronco C, Gastaldon F, et al: Erythropoietin
dose variation in different facilities in different
countries and its relationship to drug resistance. Kidney Int
Suppl S78-S86, 2003 (Suppl 87)
26. Levin A, Djurdjev O, Thompson C, et al: Canadian
randomized trial of hemoglobin maintenance to prevent or
delay left ventricular mass growth in patients with CKD.
Am J Kidney Dis 46:799-811, 2005
27. Roger SD, McMahon LP, Clarkson A, et al: Effects of
early and late intervention with epoetin alpha on left ventricular
mass among patients with chronic kidney disease (stage
3 or 4): Results of a randomized clinical trial. J Am Soc
Nephrol 15:148-156, 2004
28. Phrommintikul A, Haas SJ, Elsik M, Krum H: Mortality
and target haemoglobin concentrations in anaemic patients
with chronic kidney disease treated with erythropoietin:
Ameta-analysis. Lancet 369:381-388, 2007
29. Kuriyama S, Tomonari H, Yoshida H, et al: Reversal
of anemia by erythropoietin therapy retards the progression
of chronic renal failure, especially in nondiabetic patients.
Nephron 77:176-185, 1997
30. Roth D, Smith RD, Schulman G, et al: Effects of
recombinant human erythropoietin on renal function in
chronic renal failure predialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis
24:777-784, 1994
31. Richardson D, Bartlett C, Will EJ: Optimizing erythropoietin
therapy in hemodialysis patients.Am J Kidney Dis
38:109-117, 2001
32. Tolman C, Richardson D, Bartlett C, Will E: Structured
conversion from thrice weekly to weekly erythropoietic
regimens using a computerized decision-support system: A randomized clinical study. J Am Soc Nephrol
16:1463-1470, 2005
33. Locatelli F, Olivares J,Walker R, et al: Novel erythropoiesis
stimulating protein for treatment of anemia in chronic
renal insufficiency. Kidney Int 60:741-747, 2001
34.Nissenson AR, Swan SK, Lindberg JS, et al: Randomized,
controlled trial of darbepoetin alfa for the treatment of
anemia in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 40:110-
118, 2002
35. Abraham PA, Opsahl JA, Rachael KM, et al: Renal
function during erythropoietin therapy for anemia in predialysis
chronic renal failure patients. Am J Nephrol 10:128-
136, 1990
36. Abraham PA,Macres MG: Blood pressure in hemodialysis
patients during amelioration of anemia with erythropoietin.
JAm Soc Nephrol 2:927-936, 1991
37. Bahlmann J, Schoter KH, Scigalla P, et al: Morbidity
and mortality in hemodialysis patients with and without
erythropoietin treatment: A controlled study. Contrib Nephrol
88:90-106, 1991
38. Berns JS, Rudnick MR, Cohen RM, et al: Effects of
normal hematocrit on ambulatory blood pressure in epoetin treated
hemodialysis patients with cardiac disease. Kidney
Int 56:253-260, 1999
39. Canadian Erythropoietin Study Group: Association
between recombinant human erythropoietin and quality of
life and exercise capacity of patients receiving haemodialysis.
Canadian Erythropoietin Study Group. BMJ 300:573-578, 1990
40.Canadian Erythropoietin Study Group: Effect of recombinant
human erythropoietin therapy on blood pressure
in hemodialysis patients. Canadian Erythropoietin Study
Group.Am J Nephrol 11:23-26, 1991
41. Clyne N, Jogestrand T: Effect of erythropoietin treatment
on physical exercise capacity and on renal function in
predialytic uremic patients. Nephron 60:390-396, 1992
42. Furuland H, Linde T, Wikstrom B, et al: Reduced
hemodialysis adequacy after hemoglobin normalization with
epoetin. J Nephrol 18:80-85, 2005
43. Kleinman KS, Schweitzer SU, Perdue ST, et al: The
use of recombinant human erythropoietin in the correction
of anemia in predialysis patients and its effect on renal
function: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J
Kidney Dis 14:486-495, 1989
44.Laupacis A: Changes in quality of life and functional
capacity in hemodialysis patients treated with recombinant
human erythropoietin. The Canadian Erythropoietin Study
Group. Semin Nephrol 10:S11-S19, 1990 (suppl 1)
45. Lim VS, DeGowin RL, Zavala D, et al: Recombinant
human erythropoietin treatment in pre-dialysis patients. A
double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 110:
108-114, 1989
46. McMahon LP, McKenna MJ, Sangkabutra T, et al:
Physical performance and associated electrolyte changes
after haemoglobin normalization: A comparative study in
haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 14:1182-
1187, 1999
47.McMahon LP, Mason K, Skinner SL, et al: Effects of
haemoglobin normalization on quality of life and cardiovascular
parameters in end-stage renal failure. Nephrol Dial
Transplant 15:1425-1430, 2000
48. Morris KP, Sharp J, Watson S, et al: Non-cardiac
benefits of human recombinant erythropoietin in end stage
renal failure and anaemia. Arch Dis Child 69:580-586, 1993
49. Nissenson AR, Korbet S, Faber M, et al: Multicenter
trial of erythropoietin in patients on peritoneal dialysis. JAm
Soc Nephrol 5:1517-1529, 1995
50. Revicki DA, Brown RE, Feeny DH, et al: Healthrelated
quality of life associated with recombinant human
erythropoietin therapy for predialysis chronic renal disease
patients.Am J Kidney Dis 25:548-554, 1995
51. Sikole A, Polenakovic M, Spirovska V, et al: Analysis
of heart morphology and function following erythropoietin
treatment of anemic dialysis patients. Artif Organs 17:977-
984, 1993
52.Suzuki M, Hirasawa Y, Hirashima K, et al: Dosefinding,
double-blind, clinical trial of recombinant human
erythropoietin (Chugai) in Japanese patients with end-stage
renal disease. Research Group for Clinical Assessment of
rhEPO. Contrib Nephrol 76:179-192; discussion, 212-218,1989
53. Watson AJ, Gimenez LF, Cotton S, et al: Treatment of
the anemia of chronic renal failure with subcutaneous recombinant
human erythropoietin.Am J Med 89:432-435, 1990
54. Moher D, Tsertsvadze A: Systematic reviews: When
is an update an update? Lancet 367:881-883, 2006
55. Bucher HC, Guyatt GH, Cook DJ, Holbrook A,
McAlister FA: Users’ guides to the medical literature: XIX.
Applying clinical trial results. A. How to use an article
measuring the effect of an intervention on surrogate end
points. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA
282:771-778, 1999
56. National Kidney Foundation: KDOQI Clinical Practice
Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for
Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney Dis
47:S1-S145, 2006 (suppl 3)
57. Uhlig K, Macleod A, Craig J, et al: Grading evidence
and recommendations for clinical practice guidelines in
nephrology. A position statement from Kidney Disease:
Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int 70:2058-
2065, 2006
58. Conlon PJ. Kovalik E, Schumm D, Minda S, Schwab
SJ: Normalization of hematocrit in hemodialysis patients
with cardiac disease does not increased blood pressure. Ren
Fail 22:432-444, 2000
59. Coyne DW, Kapoian T, Suki W, et al: DRIVE Study
Group. Ferric gluconate is highly efficacious in anemic
hemodialysis patients with high serum ferritin and low
transferrin saturation: Results of the Dialysis Patients’ Response
to IV Iron with Elevated Ferritin (DRIVE) Study.
JAm Soc Nephrol 18:975-984, 2007
60. GRADE Working Group: Grading quality of evidence
and strength of recommendations. BMJ 328:1490-1494, 2004
61.Kunz K, Farquhar C: Grading and the GRADE instrument.
Second Guidelines International Network Conference:
Evidence in Action, Wellington, NZ, November, 2004
© 2007 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. |