Grading Rationale Statements |
|
Grade |
Level of Evidence |
S |
Analysis of individual patient data from a single large, generalizable study of high methological quality (for example NHANES III) |
C |
Compilation of original articles (evidence tables) |
R |
Review of reviews and selected original articles |
O |
Opinion |
| AASK | African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension |
| ABPM | Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring |
| ACE-inhibitor | Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor |
| ADA | American Diabetes Association |
| AFT | Autonomic function testing |
| Alb | Albumin |
| ASCVD | Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease |
| ASN | American Society of Nephrology |
| AST | American Society of Transplantation |
| ASTP | American Society of Transplant Physicians |
| AV | Arterio-venous |
| BAP | Bone alkaline phosphatase |
| BDI | Beck Depression Inventory |
| BEE | Basal energy expenditure |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| BP | Blood pressure |
| BPI | Blood pressure index |
| BSA | Body surface area |
| BUN | Blood urea nitrogen |
| CAD | Coronary artery disease |
| CCD | Clinical cardiovascular disease |
| CCr | Creatinine clearance |
| CDI | Cognitive Depression Index |
| CES-D | Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression |
| CG equation | Cockcroft-Gault equation |
| CHD | Coronary heart disease |
| CHF | Congestive heart failure |
| Cin | Inulin clearance |
| CKD | Chronic kidney disease |
| COOP | Dartmouth COOP Clinical Improvement System |
| COX 2 | Cyclo-oxygenase type 2 |
| CPG | Clinical practice guideline |
| CPM | Clinical performance measure |
| CQI | Continuous quality improvement programs |
| Cr | Creatinine |
| CRF | Chronic renal failure |
| CT | Computed tomography |
| CTSCr | Clearance of creatinine due to tubular secretion |
| CUrea | Urea clearance |
| CVD | Cardiovascular disease |
| D | Day(s) |
| DBP | Diastolic blood pressure |
| DCCT | Diabetes Control and Complications Trial |
| DEI | Dietary energy intake |
| DEXA | Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (bone densitometry) |
| DM | Diabetes mellitus |
| DM I | Type 1 diabetes mellitus |
| DM II | Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| DMMS | Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study |
| DMSA | Dimercaptosuccinic acid |
| DOQI | Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative |
| DPI | Dietary protein intake |
| DTPA | Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid |
| DUKE | Duke Health Profile |
| DUSOI | Duke Severity of Illness |
| ECr | Extra-renal creatinine elimination rate |
| EDTA | Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid |
| EDX | Electrodiagnosis |
| EEG | Electroencephalogram |
| EMG | Electromyography |
| ESRD | End-stage renal disease |
| Exp | Exponent |
| FSGS | Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
| GCr | Creatinine generation rate |
| GFR | Glomerular filtration rate |
| GN | Glomerulonephritis |
| HBP | High blood pressure |
| HCFA | Health Care Financing Administration (currently Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, CMS) |
| HD | Hemodialysis |
| HDFP | Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program |
| HDL | High density lipoprotein |
| Hgb | Hemoglobin |
| HI | Health Index |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| HLA | Human leukocyte antigen |
| HOPE | Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation |
| HOT | Hypertension Optimal Trial |
| Hr | Hour(s) |
| HR | Heart rate |
| HTN | Hypertension |
| ICD-9 | International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision |
| ICTP | Type I collagen cross linked telopeptides |
| IDDM | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
| IDNT | Irbesartan in Diabetic Nephropathy Trial |
| IEQ | Illness Effects Questionnaire |
| IHD | Ischemic heart disease |
| IN | Interstitial nephritis |
| IOM | Institute of Medicine |
| IPTH | Intact parathyroid hormone |
| IRMA | Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities |
| IVP | Intravenous pyelography |
| JNC-VI | Sixth report of the Joint National Committee for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure |
| KDOQI | Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative |
| KDQOL | Kidney Disease Quality of Life |
| KPS | Karnofsky Performance Scale |
| Krt/Vurea | Renal urea clearance divided by volume of distribution |
| Kt/Vurea | Urea clearance divided by volume of distribution |
| LDL | Low density lipoprotein |
| LMW | Low molecular weight |
| LV | Left ventricle |
| LVH | Left ventricular hypertrophy |
| MAG3 | Mercaptoacetyltriglycine |
| MAP | Mean arterial pressure |
| Max | Maximum |
| MCD | Medullary cystic disease |
| MCS | SF-36 Mental Component Summary |
| MDRD Study | Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study |
| MI | Myocardial infarction |
| Min | Minute(s) |
| Min | Minimum |
| MNT | Medical nutrition therapy |
| Mo | Month(s) |
| MR | Magnetic resonance |
| MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging |
| MSP | Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support |
| N | Number of subjects in subgroup |
| N | Number of subjects in sample or population |
| NA | Not applicable |
| NAE | Normal urinary albumin excretion |
| NAG | N-acetyl-<beta>-D-glucosaminidase |
| NCEP | National Cholesterol Education Program |
| NCHS | National Center for Health Statistics |
| NCV | Nerve conduction velocity |
| ND | No data |
| NHANES III | Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| NIDDM | Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| NK | Natural killer |
| NKF | National Kidney Foundation |
| No. | Number |
| NPNA | Normalized protein nitrogen appearance |
| NS | Non-significant |
| NSAID | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| PARADE | Proteinuria, Albuminuria, Risk Assessment, Detection, and Elimination |
| PCr | Plasma or serum creatinine concentration |
| PCS | SF-36 Physical Component Summary |
| PD | Peritoneal dialysis |
| PEM | Protein-energy malnutrition |
| PICP | Procollagen type I carboxy-terminal propeptides |
| Pin | Plasma inulin |
| PKD | Polycystic kidney disease |
| PN | Pyelonephritis |
| PNA | Protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance |
| PTH | Parathyroid hormone |
| PVD | Peripheral vascular disease |
| QST | Quantitative sensory testing |
| QWB | Quality of Well-being Scale |
| RBC | Red blood cell |
| RBP | Retinol binding protein |
| RDA | Recommended dietary allowance |
| RENAAL | Reduction of Endpoints in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan |
| RHIE | Rand Health Insurance Experiment |
| RPA | Renal Physicians Association |
| RR | Relative risk |
| SAS-SR | Social Adjustment Scale Self-Report |
| SBP | Systolic blood pressure |
| SBW | Standard body weight |
| SCL 90R | Symptom Checklist-90RÍ |
| SCr | Serum creatinine concentration |
| SD | Standard deviation |
| SDS-PAGE | Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| SE | Standard error |
| SF-36 | RAND Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Health Survey |
| SGA | Subjective global assessment |
| SIP | Sickness Impact Profile |
| SLE | Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| SLS | Satisfaction with Life Scale |
| SMBG | Self-monitoring of blood glucose |
| Sn | Sensitivity |
| Sp | Specificity |
| STAI | State Trait Anxiety Inventory |
| SUN | Serum urea nitrogen |
| TOD | Target organ damage |
| TSCr | Tubular creatinine secretion rate |
| UAC | Urine albumin concentration |
| UAlb/Cr | Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio |
| UCr | Urine creatinine concentration |
| Uin | Urine inulin concentration |
| UKPDS | United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study |
| UNA | Urea nitrogen appearance |
| US | United States |
| USRDS | United States Renal Data System |
| UUN | Urine urea nitrogen |
| V | Urine flow rate |
| VUrea | Volume of distribution of urea |
| WBC | White blood cell |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| Wk | Week(s) |
| Yr | Year(s) |
| ß-2-MG | ß-2-Microglobulin |
| Δ | Difference/change |