NKF KDOQI GUIDELINES

KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation, Classification, and Stratification

Tables

Table 1. Goals of the CKD Work Group
Table 2. Definition of Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 3. Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Clinical Action Plan
Table 4. Stages and Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (Age ≥ 20)
Table 5. Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors for Development and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease According to Stage
Table 6. Approach to the Evidence Review
Table 7. Published Guidelines and Recommendation for Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 8. Questions and Methods
Table 9. Types of Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes of Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 10. Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 11. Definition of Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 12. Definition and Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 13. Prevalence of GFR Categories: NHANES III 1988–1994 US Adults Age ≥ 20
Table 14. Prevalence of Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease and Levels of Kidney Function in the US
Table 15. Definitions of Proteinuria and Albuminuria
Table 16. Albumin Excretion Rate: Normal Range in Children
Table 17. Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio: Normal Range in Children
Table 18. Prevalence of Albuminuria in Adults: NHANES III
Table 19. Prevalence of Albuminuria by Age Group: NHANES III
Table 20. Prevalence of Albuminuria Among Individuals With a History of Diabetes: NHANES III
Table 21. Prevalence of Albuminuria Among Individuals Without a History of Diabetes: NHANES III
Table 22. Proteinuria: Prevalence in Nondiabetic Children
Table 23. Albuminuria: Prevalence in Nondiabetic Children
Table 24. Normal GFR in Children and Young Adults
Table 25. Normal GFR in Adults Extrapolated From Data in 72 Healthy Men
Table 26. Prevalence of GFR Categories in Adults
Table 27. Description of MDRD Study Participants Who Developed Kidney Failure: Kidney Function
Table 28. Description of MDRD Study Participants Who Developed Kidney Failure: Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status
Table 29. Comparison of Kidney Function Measurements in MDRD Study Participants Who Developed Kidney Failure
Table 30. GFR at Start of Hemodialysis
Table 31. Creatinine Clearance at Start of Hemodialysis
Table 32. Serum Creatinine at Start of Hemodialysis
Table 33. Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Clinical Action Plan
Table 34. Classification of Chronic Kidney Disease by Pathology, Etiology and Prevalence in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease
Table 35. Classification and Management of Comorbid Conditions in Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 36. Association of Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease With Complications
Table 37. Factors Linked With Noncompliance in Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 38. Classification of Risk Factors
Table 39. Types and Examples of Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 40. Potential Risk Factors for Susceptibility to and Initiation of Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 41. Relationship Between Types of Kidney Disease and Risk Factors for Initiation and Susceptibility to Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 42. Prevalence of Individuals at Increased Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 43. Factors Affecting Serum Creatinine Concentration
Table 44. Equations Developed to Predict GFR in Adults Based on Serum Creatinine
Table 45. Equations Developed to Predict GFR in Children Based on Serum Creatinine
Table 46. Estimating GFR in Adults Using the Cockcroft-Gault Equation: Accuracy and Bias
Table 47. Estimating GFR in Adults Using the MDRD Study Equation: Accuracy and Bias
Table 48. Abbreviated MDRD Study Equation
Table 49. Serum Creatinine Corresponding to an Estimated GFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 by the Abbreviated MDRD Study and Cockcroft-Gault Equations
Table 50. Estimating GFR in Children Using the Schwartz Equation: Accuracy and Bias
Table 51. Estimating GFR in Children Using the Counahan-Barratt or Modified Counahan-Barratt Equations: Accuracy and Bias
Table 52. Clinical Situations in Which Clearance Measures May Be Necessary to Estimate GFR
Table 53. Spot Urine Protein vs. Timed Urine Protein in Adults
Table 54. Spot Urine Albumin vs. Timed Urine Albumin in Adults
Table 55. Spot Urine Dipstick Albumin vs. Timed Urine Albumin in Adults
Table 56. Spot Urine Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio vs. Timed Urine Protein in Adults
Table 57. Spot Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio vs. Timed Urine Albumin in Adults
Table 58. Spot Urine Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio vs. Timed Urine Protein in Nondiabetic Children.
Table 59. Spot Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio vs. Timed Urine Albumin in Children
Table 60. Comparison of Methods for Urine Collection for Assessment of Proteinuria
Table 61. Common Causes of False Results in Routine Measurements of Urinary Albumin or Total Protein
Table 62. Interpretation of Proteinuria and Urine Sediment Abnormalities as Markers of Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 63. Interpretation of Abnormalities on Imaging Studies as Markers of Kidney Damage
Table 64. Clinical Presentations of Kidney Disease
Table 65. Relationship Between Types of Kidney Disease and Clinical Presentations
Table 66. Retinol Binding Protein (RBP): Association With Various Outcomes
Table 67. N-Acetyl-ß-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG): Association With Various Outcomes
Table 68. ß-2-Microglobulin (ß-2-MG): Association With Various Outcomes
Table 69. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE): Association With Various Outcomes
Table 70. Urinary Cell Excretion: Association With Various Outcomes
Table 71. Classification of Blood Pressure for Adults ≥18 Years (JNC-VI)
Table 72. Pathogenetic Mechanisms of High Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 73. Association of Mean Arterial Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease Events in Incident Dialysis Patients
Table 74. Recommended Research on High Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease: Observational Studies
Table 75. Recommended Research on High Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease: Clinical Trials
Table 76. Hemoglobin and Kidney Function
Table 77. Hematocrit and Kidney Function
Table 78. Erythropoietin Level and Kidney Function
Table 79. Ferritin and Kidney Function
Table 80. Miscellaneous Hematological Measures and Kidney Function
Table 81. Daily Calorie Intake and Kidney Function
Table 82. Daily Protein Intake and Kidney Function
Table 83. Serum Albumin and Kidney Function
Table 84. Serum Protein and Prealbumin and Kidney Function
Table 85. Transferrin and Kidney Function
Table 86. Serum Bicarbonate and Kidney Function
Table 87 Lipids and Kidney Function
Table 88. Body Mass Index and Kidney Function
Table 89. Ideal or Standard Body Weight and Kidney Function
Table 90. Body Tissue Composition (Muscle) and Kidney Function
Table 91. Body Tissue Composition (Fat) and Kidney Function
Table 92. Histologic Classification of Bone Lesions Associated With Kidney Disease
Table 93. Parathyroid Hormone and Kidney Function
Table 94. Fractional Excretion of Phosphorus and Kidney Function
Table 95. Serum Calcium and Kidney Function
Table 96. Serum Phosphate and Kidney Function
Table 97. Vitamin D3 and Kidney Function
Table 98. Bone Disease and Kidney Function
Table 99. Nerve Conduction Velocity and Kidney Function
Table 100. Miscellaneous Neurological Measurements and Kidney Function
Table 101. Autonomic Function and Kidney Function
Table 102. Domains of Functioning and Well-Being Measured by Specific Instruments
Table 103. Symptoms and Health Perception and Kidney Function
Table 104. Physical Functioning and Kidney Function
Table 105. Mental Health, Depression, and Well-Being and Kidney Function
Table 106. Employment, Home Management, Recreation, and Pastimes and Kidney Function
Table 107. Social Functioning and Kidney Function
Table 108. Functioning and Well-Being Measures
Table 109. Mean Rate of Decline of GFR for Various Causes of Kidney Disease
Table 110. Years Until Kidney Failure (GFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2) Based on Level of GFR and Rate of GFR Decline
Table 111. Kidney Disease Type as Predictor of Progression
Table 112. Black Race as a Predictor of Progression
Table 113. Low Baseline Kidney Function as a Predictor of Progression
Table 114. Male Gender as a Predictor of Progression
Table 115. Older Age as a Predictor of Progression
Table 116. Proteinuria or Albuminuria as Predictors of Progression
Table 117. Low Serum Albumin as a Predictor of Progression
Table 118. Blood Pressure as a Predictor of Progression
Table 119. Elevated HgbA1c as a Predictor of Progression
Table 120. Tobacco Use as a Predictor of Progression
Table 121. Dyslipidemia as Predictors of Progression
Table 122. Anemia as a Predictor of Progression
Table 123. Recommendations for Glycemic Control for People With Diabetes
Table 124. Risk Stratification and Indication for Antihypertensive Treatment
Table 125. Blood Pressure, Goals, Nonpharmacologic, and Pharmacologic Therapy Recommended by the NKF Task Force on Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Renal Disease
Table 126. Research Classification of Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Table 127. Prevalence of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease According to the Stage of Kidney Disease in Various Racial/Ethnic Groups With Type 2 Diabetes
Table 128. Prevalence of Retinopathy According to the Stage of Kidney Disease in Various Racial/Ethnic Groups With Type 2 Diabetes
Table 129. Guidelines and Position Statements on Care of Diabetic Complications
Table 130. Traditional vs. Chronic Kidney Disease-Related Factors Potentially Related to an Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
Table 131. Lipoprotein Abnormalities in the General Population and in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 132. Decreased GFR as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease
Table 133. Decreased GFR as a Predictor of Mortality
Table 134. Proteinuria as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease
Table 135. Proteinuria as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Mortality.
Table 136. Proteinuria as a Predictor of Total Mortality
Table 137. KDOQI CKD Clinical Practice Guidelines and Performance Measures
Table 138. Clinical Evaluation of Patients at Increased Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 139. Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease: Clinical Presentations
Table 140. Simplified Classification of Chronic Kidney Disease by Diagnosis
Table 141. Clues to the Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease From the Patient's History
Table 142. Laboratory Evaluation of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 143. Stages and Clinical Features of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Table 144. Stages and Clinical Features of Nondiabetic Kidney Disease
Table 145. Stages and Clinical Features of Diseases in the Kidney Transplant
Table 146. Treatments to Slow the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults
Table 147. "Traditional" Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Interventions
Table 148. Additional Clinical Interventions for Adults With GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2
Table 149. Clinical Evaluation of Elderly Individuals With GFR of 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2
Table 150. Evaluation of Studies of Prevalence
Table 151. Diagnostic Test Evaluation
Table 152. Evaluation of Clinical Associations
Table 153. Evaluation of Studies of Prognosis
Table 154. Literature Search and Review by Topic
Table 155. Format for Guidelines

© 2002 National Kidney Foundation, Inc.