| AASK | African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension |
| ABCD | Appropriate Blood Pressure Control in Diabetes |
| ABPM | ambulatory blood pressure monitoring |
| ACE | angiotensin-converting enzyme |
| ACE-I | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor |
| ADA | American Diabetes Association |
| AGEs | advanced glycation end-products |
| AHA | American Heart Association |
| AHRQ | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality |
| AIPRD | ACE Inhibition in Progressive Renal Disease |
| AIPRI | ACE Inhibition in Progressive Renal Insufficiency |
| AJKD | American Journal of Kidney Diseases |
| ALLHAT | Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial |
| ANBP2 | Second Australian National Blood Pressure Study |
| ARB | angiotensin-receptor blocker |
| ARIC | Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities |
| ASCVD | atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease |
| BMI | body mass index |
| BSA | body surface area |
| BUN | blood urea nitrogen |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
| CAPP | Captopril Prevention Project |
| CARI | Caring for Australians with Renal Impairment |
| CBP | casual blood pressure |
| CCB | calcium-channel blocker |
| Ccr | creatinine clearance |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| CKD | chronic kidney disease |
| CMS | Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services |
| CONVINCE | Controlled Onset Verapamil Investigation of Cardiovascular Endpoints |
| COX2 | cyclo-oxygenase type 2 |
| CTA | computerized tomographic angiography |
| CVD | cardiovascular disease |
| DASH | Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension |
| DAVIT | Danish Verapamil Infarction Trial |
| DBP | diastolic blood pressure |
| DEXA | dual energy x-ray absorptiometry |
| DM | diabetes mellitus |
| DOQI | Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative |
| ECF | extracellular fluid |
| EEG | Electroencephalogram |
| EPHESUS | Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study |
| ESRD | end-stage renal disease |
| FACET | Fosinopril Amlodipine Cardiovascular Events Trial |
| GABA | gamma-hydroxybutyric acid |
| GFR | glomerular filtration rate |
| GITS | Gastrointestinal Therapeutic System |
| GP | general population |
| HARVEST | Hypertension and Ambulatory Recording Venetia Study |
| HCTZ | Hydrochlorothiazide |
| HOPE | Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation |
| ICSI | Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement |
| IDNT | Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial |
| IHD | ischemic heart disease |
| INSIGHT | Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension Treatment |
| INVEST | International Verapamil SR/Trandolapril Study |
| ISA | intrinsic sympathomimetic activity |
| JNC | Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure |
| KDOQI | Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative |
| LIFE | Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction |
| LVH | left ventricular hypertrophy |
| MAP | mean arterial pressure |
| MDRD | Modification of Diet in Renal Disease |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| MNT | Medical Nutrition Therapy |
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography |
| NCHS | National Center for Health Statistics |
| NHANES III | Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| NHBPEP | National High Blood Pressure Educational Program |
| NHLBI | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute |
| NKF | National Kidney Foundation |
| NORDIL | Nordic Diltiazem |
| NSAID | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent |
| NYHA | New York Heart Association |
| PGC | intra-glomerular pressure |
| PKD | polycystic kidney disease |
| PRA | plasma renin activity |
| PREVEND | Prevention of Renal and Vascular End Stage Disease |
| PTRA | percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty |
| PVD | peripheral vascular disease |
| QA | single nephron blood flow |
| RA | afferent arteriolar resistance |
| RAD | renal artery disease |
| RALES | Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study |
| RAS | renin-angiotensin system |
| RCT | randomized controlled trial |
| RDA | recommended daily allowance |
| RE | efferent arteriolar resistance |
| REIN | Ramipril Efficacy in Nephropathy |
| RENAAL | Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan |
| ROC | receiver operator curves |
| RVHT | renovascular hypertension |
| SBP | systolic blood pressure |
| Scr | serum creatinine concentration |
| SD | standard deviation |
| SGA | subjective global assessment |
| SIGN | Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network |
| SMBP | self-measured blood pressure |
| SNGFR | single-nephron GFR |
| SNP | single nucleotide polymorphism |
| Syst-China | Systolic Hypertension in China |
| Syst-Eur | Systolic Hypertension in Europe |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack |
| UAC | urinary albumin concentration |
| USRDS | United States Renal Data System |
| WCH | white-coat hypertension |