| ADL | Activities of daily living |
| AHA | American Heart Association |
| AI | Adequate intake |
| AMDR | Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges |
| APD | Automated peritoneal dialysis |
| BIA | Bioelectrical impedance analysis |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| BSA | Body surface area |
| BUN | Blood urea nitrogen |
| CAPD | Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis |
| CARI | Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment |
| CCPD | Continuous cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| CKD | Chronic kidney disease |
| CPD | Chronic peritoneal dialysis |
| CVD | Cardiovascular disease |
| DHA | Docosahexanoic acid |
| DPI | Dietary protein intakes |
| DRI | Dietary reference intake |
| DXA | Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry |
| DV | Daily value |
| EAR | Estimated average requirement |
| ECF | Extracellular fluid |
| EER | Estimated energy requirement |
| EPA | Eicosapentanoic acid |
| ERT | Evidence Review Team |
| G | Urea generation rate |
| GFR | Glomerular filtration rate |
| HD | Hemodialysis |
| HDL | High-density lipoprotein |
| HPLC | High-performance liquid chromatography |
| IDL | Intermediate-density lipoprotein |
| IDPN | Intradialytic parenteral nutrition |
| IgA | ImmunoglobulinA |
| IGF | Insulin-like growth factor |
| K | Potassium |
| KDIGO | Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes |
| KDOQI | Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative |
| LDL | Low-density lipoprotein |
| MAC | Mid-arm circumference |
| MAMA | Mid-arm muscle area |
| MAMC | Mid-arm muscle circumference |
| MDRD | Modification of Diet in Renal Disease |
| mRNA | Messenger RNA |
| Na | Sodium |
| NAPRTCS | North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies |
| ND | Not determined |
| NE | Nitrogen equivalent |
| n-3 FA | Omega-3 fatty acids |
| NCEP-C | National Cholesterol Expert Panel in Children and Adolescents |
| NKF | National Kidney Foundation |
| nPCR | Normalized protein catabolic rate |
| nPNA | Normalized protein nitrogen appearance |
| 25(OH)D | 25-Hydroxyvitamin D |
| 1,25(OH)2D | 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D |
| PA | Physical activity coefficient |
| PAL | Physical activity level |
| PD | Peritoneal dialysis |
| PEM | Protein-energy malnutrition |
| PET | Peritoneal equilibration test |
| PTH | Parathyroid hormone |
| RDA | Recommended Dietary Allowance |
| rhGH | Recombinant human growth hormone |
| SD | Standard deviation |
| SDS | Standard deviation score(s) |
| SGA | Subjective Global Assessment |
| SGNA | Subjective Global Nutrition Assessment |
| TEE | Total energy expenditure |
| TG | Triglycerides |
| TNA | Total nitrogen appearance |
| TSF | Triceps skinfold thickness |
| UL | Tolerable upper intake level |
| USDA | US Department of Agriculture |
| VLDL | Very low-density lipoprotein |
| WHO | World Health Organization |