| Figure 1. | Kidney Failure in the United States |
| Figure 2. | Conceptual Model for Stages in the Initiation and Progression of CKD |
| Figure 3. | Prevalence of High Blood Pressure by Level of GFR, Adjusted to Age 60 Years (NHANES III) |
| Figure 4. | CVD Mortality in Dialysis Patients (USRDS) Compared to the General Population (NCHS) |
| Figure 5. | Albuminuria as a Risk Factor for CVD |
| Figure 6. | Decreased GFR as a Risk Factor for CVD |
| Figure 7. | Risk Factors for Kidney Disease Progression Related to Hypertension |
| Figure 8. | Evolution of National Kidney Foundation Guidelines for Hypertension and Use of Antihypertensive Agents in CKD |
| Figure 9. | Algorithm for Evaluation and Management of Hypertension and Use of Antihypertensive Agents in CKD |
| Figure 10. | Kidney Failure in the United States |
| Figure 11. | Conceptual Model for Stages in the Initiation and Progression of CKD, and Therapeutic Interventions |
| Figure 12. | Relationship of Stage and Type of Kidney Disease to Prognosis in CKD |
| Figure 13. | Relationship of Stage of Kidney Disease and Level of Albuminuria to Prognosis in CKD |
| Figure 14. | Prevalence of High Blood Pressure by Level of GFR, Adjusted to Age 60 Years |
| Figure 15. | Prevalence of Elevated Serum Creatinine by JNC 6 Blood Pressure Category and Self-Reported Treatment With Antihypertensive Medications in NHANES III |
| Figure 16. | Estimated Number of Individuals With Elevated Serum Creatinine by JNC 6 Blood Pressure Category and Self-Reported Treatment With Antihypertensive Medications (NHANES III) |
| Figure 17. | Conceptual Model for Stages in the Initiation and Progression of CVD, and Therapeutic Interventions in the General Population |
| Figure 18. | CVD Mortality in Dialysis Patients (USRDS) Compared to the General Population (NCHS) |
| Figure 19. | CVD Mortality in Kidney Transplant Recipients (USRDS) Compared to the General Population (NCHS) |
| Figure 20. | Albuminuria as a Risk Factor for CVD in Individuals Without Diabetes |
| Figure 21. | Decreased GFR as a Risk Factor for CVD |
| Figure 22. | Kidney Function Decline in CKD |
| Figure 23. | GFR Slopes in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study |
| Figure 24. | Risk Factors for Kidney Disease Progression Related to Hypertension |
| Figure 25. | Effect of Antihypertensive Drugs on Systemic and Glomerular Pressure |
| Figure 26. | Mechanisms of Antihypertensive Agents to Slow Progression of CKD |
| Figure 27. | Schematic Diagram of Population With CKD and CVD |
| Figure 28. | General Approach to Hypertension and Use of Antihypertensive Agents in CKD |
| Figure 29. | Age-Associated Decline in Estimated GFR in NHANES III |
| Figure 30. | Evaluation for Proteinuria |
| Figure 31. | Evaluation of Patients With CKD for Treatment of Hypertension and Use of Antihypertensive Agents |
| Figure 32. | Use of the Score to Estimate the Probability of RAD |
| Figure 33. | Mean Change in SBP From Baseline in Hypertensive Participants of the DASH Study During 8 Weeks of Intervention by Diet Assignments—DASH or Control Diets |
| Figure 34. | Hypertension and Antihypertensive Agents in CKD |
| Figure 35. | Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) |
| Figure 36. | Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) |
| Figure 37. | Collaborative Study Group (CSG) Captopril Trial |
| Figure 38. | Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial (IDNT) |
| Figure 39. | Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM With the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) |
| Figure 40. | Meta-Analysis of Studies of Diabetic and Nondiabetic Kidney Disease |
| Figure 41. | Meta-Analysis of Studies of Diabetic and Nondiabetic Kidney Disease |
| Figure 42. | Blood Pressure Level and Rate of GFR Decline in Controlled Trials of Diabetic Kidney Disease |
| Figure 43. | Hypertension and Antihypertensive Agents in Diabetic Kidney Disease |
| Figure 44. | ACE Inhibition in Progressive Renal Disease (AIPRD) Study Group Pooled Analysis |
| Figure 45. | ACE Inhibition in Progressive Renal Disease (AIPRD) Study Group Pooled Analysis |
| Figure 46. | African-American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) |
| Figure 47. | Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study |
| Figure 48. | Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study |
| Figure 49. | African-American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) |
| Figure 50. | ACE Inhibition and Progressive Renal Disease (AIPRD) Study Group Pooled Analysis |
| Figure 51. | Hypertension and Antihypertensive Agents in Nondiabetic Kidney Disease |
| Figure 52. | Relationship between SBP and Graft Survival |
| Figure 53. | Hypertension and Antihypertensive Agents in Kidney Transplant Recipients |
| Figure 54. | Physiology of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Sites of Action of ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers |
| Figure 55. | Physiology of Side-Effects of ACE Inhibitors |
| Figure 56. | Determinants of Diuretic Loop Response |
| Figure 57. | Rationale for Combination of ARBs or ACE Inhibitors With Diuretics |
| Figure 58. | Blood Pressure Cuff Dimensions |
| Figure 59. | Determination of Proper Cuff Size, Step 1 |
| Figure 60. | Determination of Proper Cuff Size, Step 2 |
| Figure 61. | Blood Pressure Measurement |
| Figure 62. | The Evolution of National Kidney Foundation Guidelines on Hypertension and Antihypertensive Agents in CKD |
| Figure 63. | Comparison of the Diagnosis of Hypertension Using Casual Blood Pressure and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring |
| Figure 64. | Standardized Common Patterns of ABPM |
| Figure 65. | Blunting of the Diurnal Blood Pressure Rhythm of Predialysis Patients Is More Severe at Lower GFR (Higher Serum Creatinine Concentration) |
| Figure 66. | Kaplan-Meier Curves Showing the Probability of Developing CKD (Microalbuminuria) According to the Pattern of Daytime and Nighttime Systolic Pressure in Diabetics |
| Figure 67. | Survival Curves of Diabetic Subjects With Normal and Reversed Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythms |
| Figure 68. | Relationship Between End-Systolic Left Ventricular Diameter and Percent Fall in Blood Pressure (Sleep to Awake) in Hemodialysis Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients |
| Figure 69. | Night to Day Blood Pressure Ratio and 24-Hour SBP at Entry as Predictors of the 2-Year Incidence of Cardiovascular End-Points in 393 Patients Randomized to the Placebo Group of the Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial |
| Figure 70. | Diurnal Blood Pressure Rhythm in Diabetic Kidney Disease |
| Figure 71. | Correlation of Creatinine Values in Patients 6 Months After Kidney Transplantation With 24-Hour SBP and DBP |
| Figure 72. | Rates of Major Cardiovascular Events |
| Figure 73. | Comparison of Cuff Blood Pressure, 24-Hour ABPM, and Night-Time ABP in the HOPE Study and a HOPE Substudy |